Here comes the "big aunt", these 4 necessary stages must be known, regardless of it will only hurt your body!

 Menstruation, as a "close friend", runs through a woman's entire reproductive age. What she brings to women is more than simply "dropping blood" every month.

Do we know the true face of this "friend" Lushan? What is the understanding of her? Let's talk about menstruation today.

1. Who is she? ——What is menstruation

Menstruation refers to the periodic shedding and bleeding of the endometrium that occur with the periodic changes of the ovaries. The appearance of regular menstruation is an important sign of maturity of reproductive function.

[1] This was recorded as early as in "Suwen·Ancient Innocence": "The seven-year-old woman has strong kidney energy and longer teeth; on February 7th and Tianguizhi, Ren's pulse is strong, and Taichong's pulse is strong. Nowadays, there are sons; ... Qiqi Ren pulse is empty, Taichong pulse decays less, Tiangui is exhausted, and the tunnel is unreasonable, so the shape is bad and there is no son."

The first menstruation is called menarche. The age of menarche is mostly 13 to 14 years old, but menarche between 11 and 15 years old is normal; the time of menarche is mostly related to genetic factors, nutritional status, weight and other factors can also affect . If menarche occurs too early or too late, attention should be paid.

Image source: Zhankuhailuo

2. The true face of Lushan-normal menstruation

Due to the periodic changes of female hormones, normal menstruation is also periodic. The first day of bleeding is the first day of the menstrual cycle. The interval between the first day of two menstruation is called a menstrual cycle, generally 21 days-35 days, an average of 28 days.

The duration of each menstruation is the menstrual period, which is generally 2-8 days, with an average of 4-6 days. The total blood loss in one menstruation is called menstrual volume, which is normally 20-60ml, and generally does not exceed 80ml.

Menstrual blood is generally dark red, in addition to blood, it also contains endometrial fragments, cervical mucus and shed vaginal epithelial cells. Because it contains plasmin, it generally does not coagulate, and blood clots may occur when the amount of bleeding is heavy.

In general, menstrual periods have no special symptoms except bleeding. Some women may experience discomfort such as waist and lower abdominal pain, uterine contraction pain, diarrhea, and headache.

3. When a "close friend" has a problem

Menstruation will accompany a woman's entire reproductive age, and it will take about 30 to 40 years. In such a long period of time, "she" may be out of routine in one way or another. When "normal menstruation" becomes " "Abnormal bleeding" is actually the body reminding us that there may be a problem, and we need to seek professional medical advice from the hospital.

What kind of situation is "abnormal bleeding"? Mainly include the following situations:

(1) Menorrhagia (more than 80ml; or according to the average daily replacement of 4-5 sanitary napkins, using 2 packs per menstrual period, the amount of sanitary napkins exceeds 3 packs/menstrual period, consider the problem of menorrhagia)

(2) Irregular bleeding (bleeding between menstrual periods, or irregular menstruation)

(3) Frequent menstruation (menstrual cycle is less than 21 days)

(4) Menstrual flow (menstrual cycle greater than 35 days)

In addition to the situations mentioned above, if your "friend" has not come to see you for more than 3 months, except for pregnancy, you may also need to have a good chat with the obstetrician and gynecologist.

Tips for communicating with the doctor: When a female friend goes to the obstetrics and gynecology department, the doctor will usually ask about your menstrual condition, including menstrual cycle, menstrual period, menstrual volume, whether there is dysmenorrhea, last menstrual period (LMP), and sometimes Ask what time the previous menstruation (PMP) was. At this time, the concepts we just talked about are used: the menstrual cycle is the interval between the first day of two menstruation, not the end of the previous menstruation and this menstruation The interval between the beginning; while LMP and PMP both ask when the first day of the last and previous menstruation is, not the day when the menstruation ends; if you are not sure whether it is irregular bleeding or menstruation, you should ask the doctor according to the facts Describe the bleeding.

Image source: Zhankuhailuo

When talking about the amount of bleeding, if you feel that it is not possible to estimate accurately, it is best to describe the amount of sanitary napkins used, for example, how often the sanitary napkins are changed, how many sanitary napkins are used during each menstrual period, etc. Instead of using vague descriptions such as "a mass of blood clot". An accurate description can help doctors evaluate your condition faster and more accurately.

4. Get along with "close friends"

Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon, and will accompany a woman for a long time in her life, but we don't necessarily know how to get along with her.

When women do not know enough about menstruation or have bad emotions due to lack of correct concepts, they will have an adverse effect on their body and mind.

Therefore, it is recommended to read professional books on physical hygiene, improve the supplement of related knowledge, establish a correct understanding and treatment of menstruation, and maintain a comfortable mood during the menstrual period, and avoid emotional or excessive stress.

In addition to psychological preparation, special attention should be paid to personal hygiene during menstruation.

Because the female reproductive tract itself is an environment where bacteria exist, no matter what kind of sanitary napkins are used during menstruation, they need to be replaced in time to keep the perineum dry and clean, otherwise it is easy to cause infection. In addition, it is generally not recommended to have sex, swimming, and Bathing and other similar activities, because such activities can easily cause local, pelvic and even systemic infections in women.

In addition, women's daily activities during menstruation do not need to be adjusted too much, and they can perform normal work and appropriate physical activities; of course, if there is severe dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, etc., you can reduce or suspend sports work out.

If you plan to perform elective obstetrics and gynecology surgery, you also need to avoid the menstrual period, otherwise it may affect postoperative observation.

"Know oneself and the enemy, a hundred battles will never end." This is also true for the "close friend" of menstruation. Only by fully and comprehensively understanding and understanding her, can the process of getting along with her be smoother.

*The content of this article is for the popularization of health knowledge and cannot be used as specific diagnosis and treatment recommendations